Abstract
The biosorption performance of raw cone shell of Calabrian pine for C.I. Basic Red 46 as a model azo dye from aqueous system was optimized using Taguchi experimental design methodology. L9 (33) orthogonal array was used to optimize the dye biosorption by the pine cone shell. The selected factors and their levels were biosorbent particle size, dye concentration, and contact time. The predicted dye biosorption capacity for the pine cone shell from Taguchi design was obtained as 71.770 mg g−1 under optimized biosorption conditions. This experimental design provided reasonable predictive performance of dye biosorption by the biosorbent (R 2: 0.9961). Langmuir model fitted better to the biosorption equilibrium data than Freundlich model. This displayed the monolayer coverage of dye molecules on the biosorbent surface. Dubinin-Radushkevich model and the standard Gibbs free energy change proposed physical biosorption for predominant mechanism. The logistic function presented the best fit to the data of biosorption kinetics. The kinetic parameters reflecting biosorption performance were also evaluated. The optimization study revealed that the pine cone shell can be an effective and economically feasible biosorbent for the removal of dye.
Highlights
Synthetic dyes are extensively used in many industrial applications including textile, leather, food processing, dyeing, cosmetics, paper, and dye manufacturing industries [1]
The analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) has played an important part in the investigation of biosorbent surface chemistry
Several peaks were observed from the spectrum indicating that the shell is composed of various functional groups which might be responsible for the dye biosorption
Summary
Synthetic dyes are extensively used in many industrial applications including textile, leather, food processing, dyeing, cosmetics, paper, and dye manufacturing industries [1]. The release of various harmful dyes from these industries into the environment has attracted great attention worldwide in recent years. Dyes usually have a synthetic origin and complex chemical structure that make them persistence to light, oxidation, and biodegradable process. The presence of dyes in water sources can cause reduction of light penetration, photosynthetic activity, and gas solubility in addition to visual pollution. Many dyes and their degradation derivatives are highly toxic and carcinogenic [2]. It is necessary to remove these harmful dyes from contaminated water for a better ecosystem quality
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