Abstract
The two-step catalyzing process for biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil was assisted by both co-solvent and microwave irradiation. Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the reaction conditions. Optimal reaction conditions of the first step were alcohol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst (H2SO4) amount 1 wt%, reaction temperature 333 K, and reaction time 7.5 minutes; while for the second step, optimal reaction conditions were alcohol to oil molar ratio 12:1, catalyst (NaOH) amount 1 wt%, reaction temperature 333 K, and reaction time 2.0 minutes. The total reaction time was 9.5 min and the conversion rate of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) achieved was 97.4%. The total reaction time was shorter than previous studies. Therefore, the co-solvent and microwave assisted two-step catalyzing process has a potential application in producing biodiesel from waste vegetable oil.
Highlights
Vegetable oil has been considered for a long time as an alternative energy source to produce biodiesel
It can be seen that when THF was not added, the acid value (Figure 1) was maintained at high level and the conversion rate (Figure 2) was maintained at 0% within the whole reaction time (12.5 minutes)
21.66 1.08 2.60 co-solvent and microwave to produce of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil was considered in this study
Summary
Vegetable oil has been considered for a long time as an alternative energy source to produce biodiesel. Using refine vegetable oil to produce biodiesel will reduce the edible oil. The use of waste vegetable oil instead of refined vegetable oil to produce biodiesel is an effective way to reduce the raw material cost and reduce food shortages. Using waste vegetable oil could help solve the problem of waste oil disposal [2,3]. Only a minor proportion of the waste vegetable oil has been collected, the waste vegetable oil is still causing ecological and economic problems. If the waste vegetable oil is used to produce biodiesel, waste vegetable oil treatment may be reduced and the pollution problems caused by this waste vegetable oil may be solved
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