Optimization of atrioventricular delay and follow-up in a patient with congestive heart failure and with bi-ventricular pacing.

Abstract

Cardiac function is improved by bi-ventricular pacing in patients with severe reduced cardiac function. Atrioventricular (AV) delay optimization is also important in this therapy. However, the AV delay required to achieve the optimal AV synchrony varied from time to time. We have reported that the critical AV delay that induces diastolic mitral regurgitation (MR) may represent the upper limit of the optimal AV delay. The optimal AV delay can be predicted by a simple method; slightly prolonged AV delay-interval between the end of atrial kick and complete closure of the mitral valve (duration of diastolic MR) at the AV delay setting. [Case] 60 year old Japanese male with dilated cardiomyopathy. He was repeatedly admitted to our hospital due to congestive heart failure. Ejection fraction was 14%. ECG showed complete left bundle branch block and his PQ interval was 0.22 sec. He was dependent on intravenous injections of catecolamine and could not be discharged from the hospital for over one year. Optimal AV delay was predicted as 80 msec during bi-ventricular pacing by our formula. Cardiac output was 4.9, 6.0, 5.1 l/min when the AV delay was set at 50, 80, 110 msec. Cardiac function was improved from NYHA class III to II and he has been relieved from the dependency on intravenous catecholamine injections. AV delay was optimized (70-100 msec) by our method during follow-up for one year. This case indicates that AV delay optimization is important in bi-ventricular pacing.