Abstract
Abstract A calculation system has been developed to determine the optimum dimensions of asymmetric I-beams for minimum shrinkage. The objective function is the minimum mass; the unknowns are the I-beam dimensions; the constraints are the stress, local buckling, and deflection. Different steel grades have been considered (235, 355, 460 (MPa) yield stress) and other aluminum alloys (90, 155, 230 (MPa) yield stress). The material, the span length, the loading, and the applied heat input have been changed. It is shown, that using optimum design; the welding shrinkage can be reduced with prebending and can save material cost as well.
Highlights
When steel structures are constructed by welding, deformations and residual welding stresses could occur due to the high heat input and subsequent cooling [1]
The welding shrinkage is always larger at asymmetric than symmetric beams
The optimum results are as follows using different steel grades and span length
Summary
When steel structures are constructed by welding, deformations and residual welding stresses could occur due to the high heat input and subsequent cooling [1]. The welding process can create significant locked-in stresses and deformations in fabricated steel structures [2, 3]. These adversely affect the structure’s operation because tensile stresses increase the rate of fatigue crack propagation and compressive stresses reduce the flexural strength of the compressed bars and the buckling strength of the plates and shells. The residual stresses and initial imperfections can influence the structure’s behavior under compression [4]. It is well known that these initial imperfections due to welding reduce the structure’s ultimate strength. The behavior of the steel is even more complicated [5, 6]
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