Abstract
This study investigated the potential use of Zerdezas dam Calcined Sediments (CS) and El-Hadjar Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) from northern Algeria as a partial replacement of cement (C) in normal hardening hydraulic road binders. Two binder mix designs were optimized using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The first mix, 50C35GGBS15CS, consisted of 50% cement, 35% blast furnace slag, and 15% calcined sediment. The second mix, 80C10GGBS10CS, consisted of 80% cement, 10% blast furnace slag, and 10% calcined sediments. The tests of workability, setting time, volume expansion, compressive and flexural strengths, porosity, and SEM were conducted to ensure that both mixes meet the standard requirements for road construction binders. The two proposed mixes were qualified as normal hardening hydraulic road binder. The reuse of the sediments will contribute to a better disposal of dam sediments and steel industry waste and to preserve natural resources that are used for manufacturing cement. It will also contribute to the environmental impact reduction of cement clinker production by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Highlights
Cement is the second most consumed material worldwide after water [1]
This paper presents an experimental study to optimize ternary eco-friendly hydraulic road binders based on El-Hadjar blast furnace slag and calcined sediments from the Zardezas dam in Skikda city in northern Algeria
This study investigated the potential use of Zerdezas dam Calcined Sediments (CS)
Summary
Cement is the second most consumed material worldwide after water [1]. It is used in buildings, soil stabilizations, dams, bridges, roads, rails, and many other construction fields. The partial replacement of cement with natural materials (pozzolan, limestone filler, metakaolin) or industrial byproducts, such as blast furnace slags, fly ash, and silica fume, have been extensively studied by researchers [3,13,15,16,17]. Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by the replacement of cement by GGBS and durability [17] These studies have focused on investigating the performance of mediumand long-term pozzolanic potentials (excluding limestone filler) as well as low energy consumption. This paper presents an experimental study to optimize ternary eco-friendly hydraulic road binders based on El-Hadjar blast furnace slag and calcined sediments from the Zardezas dam in Skikda city in northern Algeria. The study aims to assess the potential of reusing waste and byproducts as supplementary material for the production of hydraulic road binders according to the specifications
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