Abstract
This investigation provides new insights into the effective removal of tetrafluoroborate by means of bio-sorption on waste generated in the orange juice industry. It was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of zirconium(IV)-loaded saponified orange waste gel for removal from an aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the influence of various factors such as pH, presence of competing anions, contact time, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption of . The optimum removal was observed in the equilibrium pH region 2–3. The presence of co-existing anions showed no adverse effect on removal except . The equilibrium data at different temperatures were reasonably interpreted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacities were evaluated as 2.65, 3.28, 3.87 and 4.77 mmol g−1 at 293, 298, 303 and 313 K, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as Δ G°, Δ H° and Δ S° indicated that the nature of adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The results obtained from this study demonstrate the potential usability of orange waste after juicing as a good selective adsorbent.
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