Abstract
The decarbonization of the electric generation system is fundamental to reaching the desired scenario of zero greenhouse gas emissions. For this purpose, this study describes the combined utilization of renewable sources (PV and wind), which are mature and cost-effective renewable technologies. Storage technologies are also considered (pumping storage and mega-batteries) to manage the variability in the generation inherent to renewable sources. This work also analyzes the combined use of renewable energies with storage systems for a total electrification scenario of Grand Canary Island (Spain). After analyzing the natural site’s resource constraints and focusing on having a techno-economically feasible, zero-emission, and low-waste renewable generation mix, six scenarios for 2040 are considered combining demand response and business as usual. The most optimal solution is the scenario with the maximum demand response, consisting of 3700 MW of PV, around 700 MW of off-shore wind system, 607 MW of pump storage, and 2300 MW of EV batteries capacity. The initial investment would be EUR 8065 million, and the LCOE close to EUR 0.11/kWh, making the total NPC EUR 13,655 million. The payback is 12.4 years, and the internal rate of return is 6.39%.
Highlights
The increasing concern over the Earth’s global warming and greenhouse gases could lead to important technological changes
Approximately 2/3 is generated through fossil fuels [3], and this percentage is even worse in the case of isolated regions, for most islands [4]
The capacity of the electric vehicle storage system reaches up to 200 kWh [58,59,60], while this study considers double capacity (54 kWh) per vehicle
Summary
The increasing concern over the Earth’s global warming and greenhouse gases could lead to important technological changes. Approximately 2/3 is generated through fossil fuels [3], and this percentage is even worse in the case of isolated regions, for most islands [4] This situation poses a double problem: on the one hand, a foreseeable depletion of fossil fuels in the medium term if the current rate of consumption is maintained, which would compromise the continuity of electricity supply in the coming decades [5,6], and a second problem, even more serious and in the nearer term, is the unacceptable growth of emissions of different polluting gases due to the use of these fossil fuels [7,8].
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