Abstract
Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the conditions for alkaline extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. The results indicated that the optimum conditions were an extraction temperature of 60.1 °C, an extraction time of 77.3 min, a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration of 5.1% and a substrate/liquid ratio of 1:21.4. Immunological assays results have shown that the alkaline soluble polysaccharides have no noticeable effects on monocyte phagocytosis and immune organ (spleen, thymus) weight of of immunocompromised mice at the tested dosages. However, they could restore delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to dinitrofluorobenzene (DFNB), hemolysis antibody levels at the three doses applied, and improve the natural killer cell activity at the high-dose and medium dose.
Highlights
Glossy ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum, known as Lingzhi in China) is an oriental fungus and a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for more than two thousand years to promote health and longevity The fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia and spores of G. lucidum are reported to be effective in the treatment of chronic hepatopathy, hypertension, hyperglycemia and neoplasia [1,2,3].The main functional components of G. lucidum include polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, amino acids, triterpenes, etc
Yang et al employed ultrasound technology to extract polysaccharides from longan fruit pericarp and determined the optimal extraction conditions by response surface methodology. They found that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the polysaccharides could be improved by application of ultrasound treatment [10]
The importance of the independent variables on the yield could be ranked in the following order: extraction time (X2) >
Summary
Glossy ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum, known as Lingzhi in China) is an oriental fungus and a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for more than two thousand years to promote health and longevity The fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia and spores of G. lucidum are reported to be effective in the treatment of chronic hepatopathy, hypertension, hyperglycemia and neoplasia [1,2,3]. Yang et al employed ultrasound technology to extract polysaccharides from longan fruit pericarp and determined the optimal extraction conditions by response surface methodology. They found that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the polysaccharides could be improved by application of ultrasound treatment [10]. Qiao et al used response surface methodology to optimize the conditions for hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Hyriopsis cumingii [11]. Cai et al studied the effects of hot water extraction parameters on the yield of polysaccharides from Opuntia milpa alta and established the optimal extractions conditions [12]. Relationships between several variables and one or more response variable and uses designed experiments to obtain an optimal response and optimize the alkaline extraction conditions, and further to study the immune activity of the alkaline soluble polysaccharide fraction
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