Abstract

An enhanced and different method for the active coagulant agent extraction from Moringa Oleifera seeds powder (MOSP) was established and compared to the conventional extraction method in distillate water. In the improved method, MOSP were extracted using sodium chloride as solvent at different concentrations to extract more coagulant agent from Moringa Oleifera and enhance coagulation activity. In this study, MOSP were initially processed and oil content was removed to minimize coagulant concentration usage (MOSP-EO). Moringa Oleifera seeds powder was characterized by both X-ray and FTIR analysis. Ultrasound treatment as well was considered as an additional treatment for MOSP-EO to investigate its effect on coagulant agent extraction process improvement. Coagulation/flocculation experiments were conducted to assess coagulant extraction performance realized through various conditions. The effect of coagulant dosage, solvent concentration and ultrasound exposition duration were investigated for a real effluent of municipal wastewater treatment. Among the three studied NaCl concentrations, 1.0 M was found to be the best solvent concentration for high turbidity removal of more than 97% using 140 mg/L of MOSP-EO compared to extraction in distillate water 88% using 170 mg/L of the same coagulant. NaCl 1.0 M demonstrated the best performance in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal as well, where more than 98% of municipal wastewater initial BOD5 was eliminated. Mixing MOSP-EO assisted with ultrasound waves at different treatment periods did decrease the active coagulant agent extraction and thus showed its inconvenient for Moringa Oleifera coagulation activity usage.

Highlights

  • Water and wastewater treatment work for two key purposes, conserving fresh water resources and protecting the environment

  • Moringa Oleifera seeds powder (MOSP) preparation Moringa Oleifera seeds were acquired from a local supplier in Algeria

  • Since Moringa seeds contain high amount of oils and proteins, around 69% by weight (Araújo et al 2010; Katata-Seru et al 2018), the X-ray pattern shows a poorly resolved peak that indicates a predominance of amorphous material

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Summary

Introduction

Water and wastewater treatment work for two key purposes, conserving fresh water resources and protecting the environment. Improving current treatment technologies and coming up with advanced ideas to treat municipal wastewater is of a great importance to keep and preserve the dependence of the formerly mentioned utilizations (Bukhari 2008; Chan et al 2009). Most municipal wastewater plants are using biological treatment methods (Chan et al 2009). In the biological treatment process, it is required to create an optimally favorable environment, the system requires maintenance and management of microorganisms and/or physicochemical pretreatment, slow process, poor decolorization, and possible sludge bulking and foaming (Crini & Lichtfouse 2019)

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