Abstract
This study investigated the optimization of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of fatty acids (FAs) from three Coix seeds (SCS small Coix seed; BCS big Coix seed; TCS translucent Coix seed) by chemometrics methods. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) were applied to build models that reflect the relationship between content of FAs and extraction conditions (temperature, time, and extraction solvent). Genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) were utilized to optimize the combination of extraction conditions. The composition of FAs was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PLSR models could reflect the relationship of FA content in both BCS and SCS and extraction conditions well, while the BPNN model was more suitable for TCS. The optimal extraction conditions for BCS and SCS were obtained by GAs, whereas those of TCS were obtained by PSO. The FA compositions of the three Coix seeds exhibited differences. The results show that ASE combined with chemometrics methods can rapidly and effectively obtain the optimal conditions for the extraction of FAs from Coix seed and there are differences in the extraction conditions and compositions of FAs among different varieties of Coix seed, but all the extraction time is shorter than other extractions methods.
Highlights
Coix seed is the mature kernel of Coix lachryma-jobi L., a grain crop in the Gramineae family, and has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and food source
The results demonstrated that the partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) models could reflect the relationship of fatty acids (FAs) content and extraction conditions well
For BCS and SCS, the performances of the PLSR models slightly outperformed those of the BPNN models; while for TCS, the BPNN model was superior to the PLSR model
Summary
Coix seed is the mature kernel of Coix lachryma-jobi L., a grain crop in the Gramineae family, and has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and food source. There are many reported pharmacological and physiological effects of Coix seed, including anti-tumour [2], anti-inflammatory [3], anti-allergic [4], and immunoregulation [5]. These effects result from diverse biologically active components in Coix seed [6, 7], which mainly exist in Coix seed oil [8], such as coixenolide, coixol, and sterols. Coix seed oil is mainly composed of the fatty acids (FAs), and the content of FAs can reflect the yield of the extracted oil and the content of other active ingredients to a certain degree. Due to its many benefits, it is reasonable to pursue the optimization of the extraction conditions of
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