Optimization of a solar energy system integrating cooling, hot water, and power units in Australian cities: A climate-based analysis and cost-efficiency investigation

Abstract

This study presents an investigation into the analysis and optimization of a solar energy system that integrates cooling, hot water, and power units. The system employs PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) modules to generate electricity and provide thermal energy simultaneously. Using the response surface methodology (RSM), the system is subjected to multi-objective optimization to enhance its performance and decrease costs. The first optimization scenario focuses on maximizing net output power and minimizing the cost of the thermoelectric generator (TEG). Six choice factors are identified to improve the system's cost and exergy efficiency. Results indicate an optimal exergy efficiency of 19.704% and a favorable cost rate of 1.774 $/h for the proposed system. Economic analysis reveals that the most expensive subsystems are the proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Exergy analysis highlights the PV panels, absorption chiller, PEM electrolyzer, and ORC evaporator as components with significant exergy devastation. To assess the system's viability in Australian cities, it is analyzed across six climate zones. The city of Maitland emerges as the most optimal candidate for system implementation. The study demonstrates that the proposed approach performs best in cities with similar climates to Maitland. Considering the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and sunlight radiation is crucial for determining system costs, net output power, and exergy efficiency on a global scale. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of solar energy systems by integrating cooling, hot water, and power units. It emphasizes the importance of climate-based analysis and optimization for efficient system performance. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and implementation of solar energy systems, facilitating their widespread adoption and contribution to sustainable energy solutions.