Abstract
BackgroundCarprofen and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are widely used in small animal clinical practice. Separation layers have been used during blood centrifugation to increase platelet yield. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify the optimal centrifugation force for the one-step PRP preparation, (2) determine whether there is an advantage to using carprofen in one-step PRP preparation, and (3) compare platelet morphology from one-step PRP preparation with and without carprofen. We hypothesized that injectable carprofen (emulsion formula) could be used successfully as the separation layer in PRP preparation.ResultsSamples from 14 healthy dogs were used to determine the optimal centrifugation force using one-step PRP preparation in a disposable syringe without carprofen, with forces set at 300, 500, 700, 900, 1100, 1300, and 1500 xg for 5 min. Optimum centrifugation force, plasma volume, and platelet concentrations of one-step PRP preparation were found and recovered at 900 xg, 1.9 ± 0.28 ml, and 260.50 ± 58.39 X 103 cell/μl, respectively. Samples from 12 healthy dogs were used to determine the optimal force (with forces set at 300, 500, 700, and 900 xg) for 5 min using one-step PRP preparation with carprofen. Optimum centrifugation force, plasma volume, and platelet concentrations for one-step PRP preparation with carprofen were found and recovered at 500 xg, 0.62 ± 0.16 ml and 948.50 ± 261.40 X 103 cell/μl, respectively. One-step PRP preparation with carprofen increased the platelet yield from baseline by 1.76 and 4.95 fold, respectively. Samples from 3 healthy dogs were used to observe platelet morphologies after centrifugation by scanning electron microscopy. Images of platelets on glass slides from both preparation methods revealed pseudopods emerging from the margins of the discoid platelets.ConclusionsOne-step PRP centrifugation both with and without carprofen increased the platelet yield, but using carprofen (emulsion formula) as a separation layer resulted in a higher platelet yield. The clinical usefulness of PRP products from these methods should be further investigated.
Highlights
Carprofen and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are widely used in small animal clinical practice
PRP centrifugation from 300 xg to 1500 xg led to an upward trend of plasma volume from 29.24 to 89.61% but caused a downward trend in platelet concentration from 98.83 to 54.55%
The platelet concentration, percentage of recovery, and platelet fold increase for one-step PRP preparation at 900 xg were significantly different between the centrifugal forces at 300, 500, 1300, and 1500 xg (p < 0.0001) (Table 1)
Summary
Carprofen and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are widely used in small animal clinical practice. We hypothesized that injectable carprofen (emulsion formula) could be used successfully as the separation layer in PRP preparation. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in clinical practice has increased recently [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Several clinical studies have found that PRP injections can improve functional outcomes and reduce symptoms when compared with hyaluronic acid and placebo controls [13]. PRP usually is prepared using a one- or two-step centrifugation technique [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Available PRP kits have been developed for semiclosed preparation in a one-step centrifugation, but they are expensive and require specialized equipment
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