Abstract
Abstract This study optimized using a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method for extracting volatile aroma compounds, terpenoids in particular, from Litsea mollis Hemsl. immature fruit (LMIF). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to separate and identify volatile terpenoids in LMIF. The types of SPME fiber coating, salt addition, and desorption time were optimized by single factor-experiments to determine the range of extraction temperature. Built on insights from the single factor-experiments, the response surface methodology was further used to optimize the extraction temperature, extraction time, and equilibrium time of HS-SPME. The results showed that the optimal HS-SPME conditions for extracting volatile terpenoids from LMIF were: 50/30 μm of DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fiber, 2.0 g of added sodium chloride, desorption at a temperature of 250 °C for 3 min, extraction and equilibrium temperature of 46 °C, extraction time of 36 min, and equilibrium time of 20 min. Under the above conditions, the predicted value of extraction was 66.92, while the experimental value was 65.78. The prediction value matched well with the experimental value with good repeatability. The designed model was proven to be valid, which can be applied for future extraction of aroma compounds from IMIF.
Highlights
Litsea mollis Hemsl. (LM) is a plant of Lauraceae
In order to prevent possible enzymatic reactions that can lead to the conversion of volatile compounds to their derivatives (Klesk et al, 2004), LM immature fruit (LMIF) after collection were immediately transported to a laboratory and stored in refrigerated boxes at -78 °C
The extraction and equilibrium temperature was set at 50 °C for 30 minutes, desorption time was set for 3 minutes, and the amount of salt was 2 grams
Summary
Litsea mollis Hemsl. (LM) is a plant of Lauraceae. In China, it is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and eastern Tibet (Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019). In China, it is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and eastern Tibet (Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019). Its fruit and flower are rich in volatile oil, which is an aromatic yellowish oily liquid. The volatile oil has antibacterial activities (Xiao & Li, 2007) and is antitussive and expectorant (Zhou, 1995). In southwestern China, LM immature fruit (LMIF) is widely used as a spice. LMIF can be made into popular appetizing cold dishes by pickling with soy sauce, vinegar, pepper, garlic, and ginger (Zhang, 2015)
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