Abstract
An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on short chain alcohol and salt was the method for preconcentration, separation and analysis of chloramphenicol (CAM), coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible detector (HPLC-UV). In order to select the suitable ATPS for CAM extraction, different ATPSs were tested and n-propanol/potassium citrate ATPS was chosen for separating and concentrating CAM in the subsequent experiments. The influences of the salt concentration, pH and the volume of n-propanol on the extraction efficiency and partition coefficient of CAM were examined. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the experimental conditions. Under the optimal conditions, this method has been applied to quantitative determination of CAM in livestock meat samples with limit of detection of 0.48 ng g-1 and limit of quantification of 1.6 ng g-1 with a recovery range of 92.39-104.12%. This ATPS used low cost of organic solvents and supplied a moderate and biocompatible environment, which is suitable for biomolecules.
Highlights
Metals in airborne particulate matter (APM) are originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources.[1,2] Since the start of the industrial age, the human activities have resulted in additional release of metals to the environment.[3,4,5]Among the various metals found in the chemical composition of APM, in urban areas, copper has been identified as a traffic-related element.[4]
The aim of this study was to develop a fast, reliable and sensitive alternative to conventional methods for the determination of Cu and Fe in APM collected onto glass fiber filters, by combining the advantages of slurry sampling with those of fast sequential flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FS-FAAS), avoiding sample dissolution
A slurry sampling method using FS-FAAS was developed for the sequential determination of Cu and Fe in powdered glass fiber filters containing samples of airborne particulate material
Summary
Metals in airborne particulate matter (APM) are originated from both natural (crustal, resuspension of soil, volcanic ash, etc.) and anthropogenic sources (smelters, fuel combustion, waste incineration and others).[1,2] Since the start of the industrial age, the human activities (such as mining, burning of fossil fuels, transport and construction) have resulted in additional release of metals to the environment.[3,4,5]. Among the various metals found in the chemical composition of APM, in urban areas, copper has been identified as a traffic-related element.[4] In contrast, iron is frequently present in APM due to the resuspension of soil dusts, and is often considered to be an element derived from natural sources.[6] Epidemiological studies have shown that in urban areas, the continuous exposure to airborne particulate matter has the potential to affect the health of the population, causing various respiratory diseases (allergies, asthma and emphysema) and cardiopulmonary mortality. The chemical composition of this material is of environmental and epidemiological interest.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
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