Abstract
Contemporary architectural proposals usually have to meet many different criteria. The most important are functionality and aesthetics, as well as rationality understood as a reference to costs. In this approach, the architectural proposal appears as a solution to the typical task considered in the Multi-criteria Decision Theory in the discipline generally referred to as Optimization. The paper presents examples of sixteenthcentury garden compositions, to try to answer the question of what the then residents (aristocrats) and the creators who fulfilled their wishes, were guided by. The homeland of the Renaissance is Italy, and the characteristics of this style were: geometry of space in the form of axial arrangement of rooms, symmetry, sheared forms of evergreen plants, and motifs referring to mythology. The basis of the Renaissance garden composition is a simple network of roads and squares, strongly connected to the main building and the remaining garden architecture. Mathematical principles, such as golden division of the segment and the Fibonacci sequence, were used as a way to bring beauty and balance to a design. This style is characterized by clipped garden ground floors with boxwood and molded vegetation. Roses, tulips, peonies and lavender were planted between shaped hedges. The terrace arrangement of some gardens has forced the creation of additional structures, such as retaining walls, ramps, balustrades and stairs. The paper discusses the subject of the golden division and its share in individual garden compositions. The authors showed many mathematical relationships that architects used when designing the described garden assumptions.
Highlights
Landscape architecture is a discipline that combines elements of different nature and provenance
The purpose of this paper is: 1) presentation of some examples of such solutions recalled from the discipline called landscape architecture, and an indication of those elements of the analyzed structures, in which proportions according to the golden ratio were found, Fibonacci sequence and spiral, 2) analysis of the presented examples using a conceptual apparatus of multi-criteria decision theory using the concept of Pareto Efficiency
The paper indicates the use of geometric proportions principles of the golden division, and Fibonacci sequence in the compositions of palace gardens of the Italian Renaissance flagship masterpieces, and in compositions that were inspired by them
Summary
Landscape architecture is a discipline that combines elements of different nature and provenance. Artists and architects have noticed that a certain proportion gives a greater sense of aesthetics than others This principle was discovered in the proportions of the human body, plant elements or in the construction of animals. It was called a golden ratio or a golden division. The purpose of this paper is: 1) presentation of some examples of such solutions recalled from the discipline called landscape architecture, and an indication of those elements of the analyzed structures, in which proportions according to the golden ratio were found (see reference at the end of the page), Fibonacci sequence and spiral, 2) analysis of the presented examples using a conceptual apparatus of multi-criteria decision theory using the concept of Pareto Efficiency. As a result of such an analysis, it is possible to gain a deeper insight into the motivations of these composition’s creators, the structure and order of preferences that their residents professed, and receive tips on how to formulate or supplement the theory of compromise solutions
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