Abstract
The optimization of wind farm layouts is very important for the effective utilization of wind resources. A fixed wind turbine hub height in the layout of wind farms leads to a low wind energy utilization and a higher <i>LCOE</i> (levelized cost of electricity). <i>WOMH</i> (Wind Farm Layout Optimization Model Considering Multiple Hub Heights) is proposed in this paper to tackle the above problem. This model is different from the traditional fixed hub height model, as it uses a variable height wind turbine. In <i>WOMH</i>, the Jensen wake and Weibull distribution are used to describe the wake effect on the wind turbines and wind speed distribution, respectively. An algorithm called <i>DEGM</i> (differential evolution and greedy method with multiple strategies) is proposed to solve <i>WOMH</i>, which is <i>NP</i> hard. In the <i>DEGM</i>, seven strategies are designed to adjust the distribution coordinates of wind turbines so that the height of the wind turbines will be arranged from low to high in the wind direction. This layout reduces the Jensen wake effect, thus reducing the value of the <i>LCOE</i>. The experimental results show that in the <i>DEGM</i>, when the number of wind turbines is 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50, the <i>WOMH</i> reduces the <i>LCOE</i> by 13.96%, 12.54%, 8.22%, 6.14% and 7.77% compared with the fixed hub height model, respectively. In addition, the quality of the solution of the <i>DEGM</i> is more satisfactory than that of the three-dimensional greedy algorithm and the <i>DEEM</i> (differential evolution with a new encoding mechanism) algorithm. In the case of five different numbers of wind turbines, the <i>LCOE</i> of <i>DEGM</i> is at least 3.67% lower than that of <i>DEEM</i>, and an average of 6.83% lower than that of three-dimensional greedy. The model and algorithm in this paper provide an effective solution for the field of wind farm layout optimization.
Highlights
Air pollution, climate warming, the energy crisis and other factors are forcing people to find and develop clean energy that can replace fossil fuels
The experimental results show that in the DEGM, when the number of wind turbines is 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50, the WOMH reduces the LCOE by 13.96%, 12.54%, 8.22%, 6.14% and 7.77% compared with the fixed hub height model, respectively
DEGM, DEEM and three-dimensional greedy algorithm are used to conduct experiments on fixed-hub height and multiple hub height in WOMH to verify that multiple hub heights can further improve the utilization of wind resources
Summary
Climate warming, the energy crisis and other factors are forcing people to find and develop clean energy that can replace fossil fuels. Two planes in three-dimensional coordinates were used as the candidate positions of the wind turbines All of their results showed that the existence of wind turbines with different heights in a wind farm is beneficial for improving the power generation of the wind farm. A wind farm layout optimization model considering multiple hub heights is studied in this paper. The complex terrain problem is studied and optimized in an experiment, and the advantages of using multiple hub height wind turbines in wind farms are further studied. The main contributions of this paper are summarized as follows: In the process of solving the actual wind farm layout, it is determined that wind turbines with multiple hub heights can effectively reduce the wake effect between wind turbines.
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