Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of the present work was to study the effect of inlet temperature (160–180°C), feed rate (0.08–0.13 ml/s), concentration of gum Arabic (35–45%), aonla extract (6–8%), and basil extract (6–8%) on the product properties (bulk density, hygroscopicity, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AOA), and vitamin C content) of spray-dried nutritionally rich honey powder using response surface methodology. Higher inlet air temperatures led to lower bulk density and hygroscopicity, whereas addition of aonla and basil extracts led to higher TPC, AOA, and vitamin C content which were encapsulated by gum Arabic. Statistical analysis showed that independent variables significantly affected all the responses (p < 0.0001). Perturbation and 3D surface plots were drawn for each of the responses from the mathematical models. Second-order polynomial models with high R2 (0.97–0.99) values were constructed for each powder physicochemical properties namely bulk density, hygroscopicity, TPC, AOA, a...
Highlights
IntroductionHoney has been used since ancient times mainly for its sweetness which is contributed by monosaccharides—fructose and glucose (60–85%)—and possesses antioxidant activity (AOA) (Nayik & Nanda, 2015)
The results indicate that spray-dried nutritionally rich honey powder can be used in yoghurts, drinks, sauces, edible coatings, as well as dietary supplements and therapy-supporting preparations of bakery and meat industries to enhance oxidative stability
Honey has been used since ancient times mainly for its sweetness which is contributed by monosaccharides—fructose and glucose (60–85%)—and possesses antioxidant activity (AOA) (Nayik & Nanda, 2015)
Summary
Honey has been used since ancient times mainly for its sweetness which is contributed by monosaccharides—fructose and glucose (60–85%)—and possesses antioxidant activity (AOA) (Nayik & Nanda, 2015). The production of sugar-rich powders by spray drying may present some problems such as stickiness and hygroscopicity, mainly contributed by low molecular weight sugars having low glass transition temperature. Drying carriers such as gum Arabic, maltodextrin, starches, proteins, and methyl cellulose are commonly employed to overcome the problem of stickiness (Shi, Fang, & Bhandari, 2013; Tonon, Brabet, & Hubinger, 2008). The aim of this study was to use response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the inlet temperatures, feed rate, and concentration of carrier for the spray drying encapsulation of the honey powder in terms of bulk density, hygroscopicity, TPC, AOA, and vitamin C content
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