Abstract
The demand for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIB) in electric vehicles has increased. In this study, optimization to maximize the specific energy density of a cell is conducted using the LIB electrochemical model and sequential approximate optimization (SAO). First, the design of experiments is performed to analyze the sensitivity of design factors important to the specific energy density, such as electrode and separator thicknesses, porosity, and particle size. Then, the design variables of the cell are optimized for maximum specific energy density using the progressive quadratic response surface method (PQRSM), which is one of the SAO techniques. As a result of optimization, the thickness ratio of the electrode was optimized and the porosity was reduced to keep the specific energy density high, while still maintaining the specific power density performance. This led to an increase in the specific energy density of 56.8% and a reduction in the polarization phenomenon of 11.5%. The specific energy density effectively improved through minimum computation despite the nonlinearity of the electrochemical model in PQRSM optimization.
Highlights
The demand for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIB) in electric vehicles has increased
This study shows the potential of progressive quadratic response surface method (PQRSM) based optimization to design cells with maximized energy density while maintaining specific power requirements
As a result of optimization, the specific energy density increased by 56.8% and the specific power density decreased by 1.02% while satisfying the constraints
Summary
The demand for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIB) in electric vehicles has increased. Subscripts and superscripts app Applied eff Effective value el Electrolyte neg Negative electrode pos Positive electrode sep Separator 1 Solid phase 2 Liquid phase Due to their high theoretical energy density and long life, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are widely used as rechargeable batteries. One way to reduce the cost of research and development is to optimize the design variables of existing electrode materials, such as porosity and thickness, for enhanced power and capacity of LIB4–15. The relationship between design variables and the performance of lithium-ion batteries is highly nonlinear; it is difficult to design them through experiments To overcome these difficulties, optimization using numerical models that consider electrochemical reactions is employed, which is an effective method. Recent studies have been conducted to optimize cell design variables using numerical models for the design of high-power/high-capacity b atteries[4]
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