Optimization and Validation of a Multiclass Screening and Confirmation Method for Drug Residues in Milk Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The further optimization and validation of a multiresidue veterinary drug screening method for milk is described. The drug residues of regulatory interest in milk include beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. A previously published procedure has been modified to incorporate new compounds and to collect both screening and confirmatory ion transitions in one acquisition method. Milk samples were extracted with an equal volume of acetonitrile. The samples were then subjected to cleanup with a bonded SPE cartridge and a MW cutoff filter. The SPE protocol was modified to effectively recover a metabolite of flunixin. Established tolerance levels are set for most of these drugs in milk; thus, the screening procedure was semiquantitative, using positive controls for comparison. The positive controls, consisting of extracts from milk fortified with the drugs at their tolerance or safe level, were used to set statistically valid minimum response criteria for unknown samples. This updated method was validated with fortified milk, as well as with milk samples from animals administered veterinary drugs.