Abstract
As a countermeasure to urban exhaust pollution and traffic congestion, traffic restriction policy (TRP) and carpooling strategy have been widely introduced throughout the world. However, their effects are largely determined by the rationality of implementing policies, and unreasonable policies make them controversial on the long-term implementation benefits. To more effectively manage traffic demand and maintain the sustainability of transportation system, it is necessary to make optimization for management policy before implementation. In this paper, the elastic demand model and equilibrium assignment model are developed under TRP. Considering the negative impact of the mandatory TRP on the public acceptance, we propose a novel TRP strategy, namely TRP with carpool exemptions (TRP-CE), that is, a proportion of high occupancy vehicles (HOV) are allowed to travel in the restricted district even if their license plate numbers are restricted. Then, a bi-level programming model is proposed to solve the optimal schemes by combining multi purposes of ensuring travel convenience, alleviating traffic congestion, and reducing the exhaust pollution. Finally, a numerical experiment is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed models and make comparative analysis between separate TRP and TRP-CE. The results indicate that TRP-CE has benefits in the following aspects: (1) Carpool exemptions provide an incentive to carpool for travelers by private cars; (2) the public acceptance of TRP is improved by introducing carpool exemptions as a compensatory mitigation strategy for mandatory TRP; (3) the implementation effect of demand management can be well achieved by joint optimization; and (4) there is no need to design and reconstruct HOV lanes for the implementation of TRP-CE, which is convenient for practical application.
Highlights
As a traffic demand management (TDM) strategy, traffic restriction policy (TRP) is proposed to alleviate traffic congestion by controlling the number of vehicles on the network
Learning from the existing research on joint optimization of TRP and carpool strategy, some limitations still exist: (1) There is insufficient analysis on the route detour and temporary mode shifting caused by TRP when developing the equilibrium assignment model; (2) TRP affects the travel intention to some extent, further induces the elastic change of traffic demand, and the shares of travel modes change complying with rules of TRP, of which conjoint analysis is ignored in the existing research; (3) previous optimization of TRP and carpooling strategy merely concentrates on a single implementation purpose, namely easing traffic congestion or reducing exhaust pollution
To more effectively manage traffic demand and maintain the sustainability of transportation system, this paper focuses on the theoretical optimization of separate TRP and proposed TRP with carpool exemptions (TRP-CE)
Summary
As a traffic demand management (TDM) strategy, traffic restriction policy (TRP) is proposed to alleviate traffic congestion by controlling the number of vehicles on the network. Learning from the existing research on joint optimization of TRP and carpool strategy, some limitations still exist: (1) There is insufficient analysis on the route detour and temporary mode shifting caused by TRP when developing the equilibrium assignment model; (2) TRP affects the travel intention to some extent, further induces the elastic change of traffic demand, and the shares of travel modes change complying with rules of TRP, of which conjoint analysis is ignored in the existing research; (3) previous optimization of TRP and carpooling strategy merely concentrates on a single implementation purpose, namely easing traffic congestion or reducing exhaust pollution In reality, both TRP and carpooling strategy are always determined by decision makers with multiple purposes based on weight coefficients.
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