Abstract
Performance and economic efficiency of the fuel cell (FC)/battery/super capacitor (SC) hybrid 100% low-floor tramcar is mainly determined by its energy management strategy. In this paper, a train traction model was built to calculate the power output and energy consumption properties of the hybrid tramcar. With the purpose of reducing hydrogen consumption, the genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the original energy management strategy. The results before and after the optimization show that the power requirement of the tramcar can be satisfied in both situations with the fuel cell (FC) module non-stopped. The maximum output power of the FC is reduced from 170 kW to 101.21 kW. As for the SC, a two-parallel connection module is used instead of the three-parallel one, and the power range changes from −125~250 kW to −67~153 kW. Under the original energy management strategy, the battery cannot be used efficiently with less exporting and absorbent power. Its utilization ratio is improved greatly after optimization. In sum, the equivalent total hydrogen consumption is reduced from 3.3469 kg to 2.8354 kg, dropping by more than 15%.
Highlights
At present, electric power is the main energy source of railway vehicles [1,2]
Theenergy energystorage storagesystem systemmodule module in in this this study study isis used used to to simulate simulate the the on-board on-board fuel cell (FC), FC, battery, battery, and
Considering the previously introduced train parameters, energy storage device configuration, and energy allocation strategy, the circuit simulation was carried out based on the T1 line of
Summary
Electric power is the main energy source of railway vehicles [1,2]. In China, more than 80% of the electric energy comes from thermal power generation [3]. The “abundant coal-barren petroleum-lacking gas” energy structure compels the government to spend nearly 50% of coal on electric power generation annually [4,5]. The emissions from the mobile pollution source or industry, such as HC, NOx , and particular matter (PM), greatly threaten human health [6,7]. In this environment, we believe the urban railway system is an effective way to ease the traffic pressure. The tramcar should have played a more important role in perfecting the city environment by getting rid of the power grid and adopting clean renewable energy as its power [8]
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