Optimization Algorithms and Energy Management Strategies

Abstract

AbstractA brief comparison of the energy management strategies and the optimization algorithms used is performed in this chapter. The load-following (LFW) strategy for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is proposed to sustain the power flow balance on the DC bus of a hybrid power system (HPS) with the battery operating in charge-sustaining mode. This battery operating mode has many advantages (like small size), especially for FC vehicles where space is vital. In addition, the state of charge (SoC) for battery is almost constant, so there is no need for SoC monitoring as in rule-based strategies. The power-following (PFW) strategy for stand-alone FC/renewable HPSs is the variant of the LFW control using as input the difference between the load and available renewable energy instead of the load. The excess of energy during light load stage can supply an electrolyzer or can be sold if FC HPS is connected to the network. Optimization of the FC HPS operation may be performed using well-known optimization algorithms such as the global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT ) algorithms, global maximum efficiency point tracking (GMEPT) algorithms, or fuel economy algorithms. An advanced fuel economy strategy using fueling regulators switching is presented and analyzed in this chapter as fuel economy under constant and variable load. A pulse mitigation strategy using an anti-pulse control for the hybrid storage system (HSS) based on battery and ultracapacitors is also proposed and analyzed in this chapter. The design and performance evaluation are presented for both strategies.KeywordsProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)Hybrid power system (HPS)Hybrid storage system (HSS)Load-following (LFW) controlPower-following (PFW) controlAnti-pulse controlFuel economy strategy