Abstract
En este articulo se presenta la optimizacion estructural economica del proyecto Casa Sindico utilizando un algoritmo programado mediante las funciones CSi API SAP2000v19-MATLAB R2015a, aplicando tecnicas metaheuristicas: Algoritmos Geneticos (GA) y Optimizacion por Enjambre de Particulas (PSO), ademas de una hibridacion entre estas. Los resultados muestran que PSO presenta un mejor comportamiento que GA para este tipo de optimizacion, aunque ambos, trabajando con sus metodologias simples, no resultan del todo eficiente, lo cual se comprueba al crear y aplicar una hibridacion entre los dos, utilizando GA para crear un enjambre inicial para que PSO realice el proceso de optimizacion, obteniendose resultados hasta un 10 % mejores. En cuanto a los resultados estructurales, se obtiene un costo directo de construccion un 13 % mas economico al aplicar la metodologia propuesta, quedando, para las vigas, peraltos de relacion L/h entre 15 y 17.5, para las columnas, el uso de secciones con rectangularidades de hasta 1.35, en la direccion que ocurre mas flexion, algo parecido a lo que ocurre para los cimientos, donde la rectangularidad de estos sigue el criterio anterior, obteniendose valores de hasta 1.4
Highlights
It is essential to understand the structural optimization as the result of optimizing the whole set, since it has been demonstrated that the optimization of individual elements omits a key aspect of the concept of structure, which is the influence of each individual element on the whole, where load distributions are strongly influenced by this aspect (Negrin, 2014) (Negrin, 2016) (Negrin, 2019)
Most of the methodologies proposed by different authors ignore the soil-structure interaction (SII), as well as the optimization of the foundations within the structural set, (Paya, 2007) (Borda and Rodríguez, 2010) (Kripka et al, 2013) (Kulkarni and Bhusare, 2016) (Mejía, and Orozco, 2019), despite the fact that it has been demonstrated that the SII modify the load distribution of the superstructure in a considerable proportion (Chagoyén et al, 2010); and it should be considered that foundations represent a great deal of the cost of the structure (Negrin M. 2014) (Negrin, 2019)
The proposed structural optimization methodology is programmed based on CSi API functions of SAP2000MATLAB software, and it gathers several criteria usually ignored by project designers and researchers
Summary
The development of researches in the field of structures has significantly contributed to the achievement of increasingly rational projects, which always aim at safety-cost relationships closer to the real optimum.In recent years, and thanks to the development of interactive or automated computer techniques, the civil engineering branch known as “structural optimization” has been given a boost, which has allowed improving the designs, thereby reducing costs, materials and time in these processes (Negrin, 2019).it is essential to understand the structural optimization as the result of optimizing the whole set, since it has been demonstrated that the optimization of individual elements omits a key aspect of the concept of structure, which is the influence of each individual element on the whole, where load distributions are strongly influenced by this aspect (Negrin, 2014) (Negrin, 2016) (Negrin, 2019).Many authors have done research about methodologies for optimizing structures, either single or multiobjective, but these procedures have still several constraints. Most of the methodologies proposed by different authors ignore the soil-structure interaction (SII), as well as the optimization of the foundations within the structural set, (Paya, 2007) (Borda and Rodríguez, 2010) (Kripka et al, 2013) (Kulkarni and Bhusare, 2016) (Mejía, and Orozco, 2019), despite the fact that it has been demonstrated that the SII modify the load distribution of the superstructure in a considerable proportion (Chagoyén et al, 2010); and it should be considered that foundations represent a great deal of the cost of the structure Other methodologies are concentrated in Revista Ingeniería de Construcción Vol 34 No2 Abril de 2019 www.ricuc.cl obtaining the minimum structure weight, where the process starts with small sections and progressively increases the dimensions, until the strength and stiffness criteria are met, poor results are obtained, such as beams with square sections (Mejía and Orozco, 2019)
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