Abstract
Optimal assessment of diagnostic and prognostic information in lymphomas requires integration of clinical, laboratory and imaging investigations with histology. Histological diagnosis should start with adequate and technically good material which is well fixed; fresh and frozen tissue should also be available whenever possible for investigations like flow cytometry, molecular tests and for tissue banking. Results of full blood examination including blood film findings and bone marrow examination can be invaluable in diagnosis, subclassification and staging of lymphomas. Biochemical investigations like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can provide clues to the grade of lymphoma; LDH may also be raised in lymphoma patients with associated immune mediated haemolysis. Immunohistochemistry, carried out with proper controls, is almost essential in every case at diagnosis and relapse for diagnostic and prognostic information. Correlation with flow cytometry is critical to the diagnosis and assessment of disease post-treatment. Molecular diagnostics play a vital role in select cases for diagnosis, assessment of response to treatment and prognosis. Appropriate diagnosis requires a thorough knowledge of the current classification (WHO 2008). Close liaison with the clinicians looking after the patient and interaction with a multidisci-plinary team are also very important in optimising diagnostic/ prognostic investigations.
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