Abstract
The real-world travelling wave fault data investigated in this paper indicate disturbances generate unpredictable, non-stationary and random waveforms which may cause maloperation of protection and control elements in a power system including travelling wave fault locators (TWFL). This type of fault locator is directly dependent on the detection of an accurate time of arrival (ToA) of travelling waves (TW) generated by a fault. This detection becomes complicated in the presence of disturbances when their ToAs are detected earlier than the fault TWs. Since travelling waves occur in the high-frequency bands (e.g. >50 kHz), in this paper a capacitor voltage transformer is employed to measure the TW voltage signals; this involves acquiring the current flowing to the ground and removing the low-frequency components (50/60 Hz). Disturbances create high magnitude pulses in the pre-fault section of a TW fault signal that last for a short time. Therefore, the time when a TWFL starts its computations requires to be optimised so that the effect of the disturbances is eliminated. The analysis techniques mentioned in this paper are based on real-world travelling wave fault data, and the solution uses statistical tools, such as cost function, mean and standard deviation, alongside Digital Signal Processing algorithms.
Highlights
A CCURATE data analysis is important in ensuring a power system can deliver a stable and secure supply of electrical power to consumers
The proposed method calculated the correct time for all eighty-five real-world travelling wave fault signals
The optimised time for a fault location must be between these two points as indicated by the red circles
Summary
A CCURATE data analysis is important in ensuring a power system can deliver a stable and secure supply of electrical power to consumers. The recorded data is analysed in intelligent electronic devices (IED) such as travelling wave fault locators (TWFL). This can help prevent failures by accurately locating points of weaknesses in a power system. TWFLs are designed to detect the ToAs at each end which are the basis for an accurate fault location. This detection is often affected by the presence of disturbances, e.g. cloud discharge or a tree contact with the lines, which result in large inaccuracies when the ToAs are recorded very precisely. Inaccurate fault location decisions are likely if disturbances with high magnitudes occur at a time close to the actual fault initiated travelling wave arrival times
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