Abstract
An optimised synthesis of a hypoxia-activated anticancer prodrug related to the duocarmycin family of natural products is described. The improved 10-step synthesis increases the overall yield from 4.4% to over 40% while requiring just 2 chromatography-based purifications. The most significant improvements optimise the isomer distribution in a key chlorosulfonylation reaction, and facilitate the removal of tin residues from a tributyltin hydride-mediated radical reaction. Improved preparations of two side chains are also reported. The new method provides practical access to sufficient material to support advanced efficacy and toxicology assessments.
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