Optimisation of vehicle population and reduction of CO<SUB align="right">2 emission

Abstract

This paper aims to reduce the population and CO2 emission of the free shuttle bus (FSB) in Macau. Firstly, we investigate the operational conditions of the FSBs among the 15 casinos in Macau, including the transit time of FSBs and the number of visitors. Then we build a series of integer programming models to optimise the population of FSBs with a reduction of 49.4%. Finally, based on the reduction result of the vehicle population, we conclude that the CO2 emission of FSBs could be reduced by 60.4% with the present service level.