Optimisation of Extraction and TLC-Densitometric Analysis of α- and γ-Mangostin from the Rind of Garcinia mangostana L

Abstract

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a plant from Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Myanmar, commonly used in traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the best solvent for the extraction of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin and develop a validated analytical method for simultaneously determining both compounds. The dried rind of G. mangostana (500 mg) was extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone by percolation. The percolates were evaporated to obtain viscous crude extracts. The TLC-densitometry technique was employed to determine the content of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin in the extracts. Chromatographic identification of the contents was carried out on a silica gel TLC plate (GF254) with a mobile phase of chloroform: ethyl acetate: hexane: formic acid (5:2:3:1) using standard αmangostin and γ-mangostin as reference compounds. The method has satisfactory linearity and meets the criteria for precision and accuracy at concentrations of 100 – 500 µg/spot for αmangostin and 200 – 500 µg/spot for γ-mangostin. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract had the highest concentration of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin at 3.05±0.22% and 0.22±0.15%, respectively. The TLC-densitometry technique is suitable and practical for the simultaneous routine analysis of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin in G. mangostana rind extract. Keywords: mangosteen rind extract, mangostin, percolation, TLC-Densitometry