Abstract
Wild-cultivated medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was morphologically identified and sequenced using phylogenetic software. In submerged-liquid fermentation (SLF), biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production of the identified G. lucidum was optimised based on initial pH, starting glucose concentration and agitation rate parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). Molecularly, the G. lucidum strain QRS 5120 generated 637 base pairs, which was commensurate with related Ganoderma species. In RSM, by applying central composite design (CCD), a polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data and was found to be significant in all parameters investigated. The strongest effect (p < 0.0001) was observed for initial pH for biomass, EPS and IPS production, while agitation showed a significant value (p < 0.005) for biomass. By applying the optimized conditions, the model was validated and generated 5.12 g/L of biomass (initial pH 4.01, 32.09 g/L of glucose and 102 rpm), 2.49 g/L EPS (initial pH 4, 24.25 g/L of glucose and 110 rpm) and 1.52 g/L of IPS (and initial pH 4, 40.43 g/L of glucose, 103 rpm) in 500 mL shake flask fermentation. The optimized parameters can be upscaled for efficient biomass, EPS and IPS production using G. lucidum.
Highlights
Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of human disease
In submerged-liquid fermentation (SLF), biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production of the identified G. lucidum was optimised based on initial pH, starting glucose concentration and agitation rate parameters using response surface methodology (RSM)
The mycelium was sub-cultured onto fresh malt extract agar (MEA) to obtain pure mycelium (Figure 1D), which was used as an initial culture for preservation in a potato dextrose agar (PDA) (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) slant at 4 °C
Summary
Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of human disease. Studies on G. lucidum and its products have reported beneficial biological, health-preserving and therapeutic effects [1,2,3,4,5]. Fungal polysaccharide has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities [4,6,7,8,9,10], and can be obtained via solid substrate fermentation (SSF) or submerged-liquid fermentation (SLF). Owing to the inherent nature of the solid substrate in SSF, fungal growth occurs through mycelial colonization of the substrate bed [11]. Poor mass transfer and heterogeneity issues within solid matrix render polysaccharide production in SSF a highly time-consuming method. SLF has been shown to be superior to SSF in this respect [11,12]
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