Abstract
Desulphurization of Ferronickel in the converters with oxygen is the most complex part of the technological process in the Drenas foundry. Sulphur in the ferronickel melting is mostly in the form of FeS, with a melting temperature of 1195oC, and it has tendency to dissolve indefinitely in liquid iron. Our objective is to determine the sulphur removal coefficient, as a key indicator of the desulphurization efficiency in the converter, by measuring the activity and concentration of sulphur and other elements in liquid Fe and melting. Determination of this coefficient is done according to the analytical method, while comparing the current process parameters with those of the new desulfurization methods, other indicators of the refining process are determined. The refining process and the effective conduct of the study depend on the XRD analysis database of metal and slag, and as well of the technological refining process analysis data. Research has shown that desulfurization efficiency is a function of the sulphur removal coefficient, respectively; metal composition, slag, oxygen activity, CaO/SiO2 ratio, sulphide capacity, fluidity, surface pressure, etc.). In addition to this coefficient, other indicators of refining process optimization are defined.
Highlights
The pyrometallurgical obtaining of ferronickel from oxide-laterite ores, regardless of the degree of technicaltechnological excellence even in the newer processes, has many unresolved technical and technological problems, first of all the process of refining ferronickel in the converter is followed by low efficiency due to the lack of desulphurization outside the furnace as well as the low desulphurization dynamics in the converter
The main purpose of this study is to provide solutions that would improve the effectiveness of desulphurization, by reducing the duration time of the metal in the converter, which would directly affect the optimization of refining process in the converter and generally to decrease the production costs of ferronickel at the "Ferronickel Foundry" in Drenas [8]
Sulfur activity in liquid iron is determined based on the concentrations of [S] and other elements involved in ferronickel melting
Summary
The pyrometallurgical obtaining of ferronickel from oxide-laterite ores, regardless of the degree of technicaltechnological excellence even in the newer processes, has many unresolved technical and technological problems, first of all the process of refining ferronickel in the converter is followed by low efficiency due to the lack of desulphurization outside the furnace as well as the low desulphurization dynamics in the converter. The oxygen blowing process is necessary to decrease the sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, silicon and the iron content in the FeNi metal to the requested levels [1]. During the production of ferronickel in the electric furnace, in addition to iron and nickel, and other metals such as cobalt, manganese, chromium, sulphur, copper, silicon, phosphorus, carbon, etc., pass to the alloy, which adversely affects the properties of it and their removing presents additional difficulties, adversely affecting the process economy. Since ferronickel, is used for the production of various steels must contain a minimum amount of sulphur below 0.04% [2, 3], it is necessary to make the deepest desulphurisation, whether through out-furnace desulphurisation, before that the metal passes to the converter or during process of refining in the converter. Especially sulphur removal phase as it is not being applied between the desulphurization phase out-furnace, but all the sulphur removal takes place in converter, followed by a slow process and with a high consumption of materials and energy resources [4, 5]
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