Abstract
Due to the importance and complexity of water resources regulations in the pond irrigation systems of the Jiang-Huai hilly regions, a water allocation simulation model for pond irrigation districts based on system simulation theory was developed in this study. To maximize agricultural irrigation benefits while guaranteeing rural domestic water demand, an optimal water resources regulation model for pond irrigation districts and a simulation-based optimal water resources regulation technology system for the pond irrigation system were developed. Using this system, it was determined that the suitable pond coverage rate (pond capacity per unit area) was 2.92 × 105 m3/km2. Suitable water supply and operational rules for adjusting crop planting structure were also developed the water-saving irrigation method and irrigation system. To guarantee rural domestic water demand, the multi-year average total irrigation water deficit of the study area decreased by 4.66 × 104 m3/km2; the average multi-year water deficit ratio decreased from 20.40% to 1.18%; the average multi-year irrigation benefit increased by 1.11 × 105 RMB (16,128$)/km2; and the average multi-year revenue increased by 6.69%. Both the economic and social benefits were significant. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technological support for comprehensive pone governance in the Jiang-Huai hilly regions and promote the establishment of a water allocation scheme and irrigation system for pond irrigation districts, which have practical significance and important application value.
Highlights
In small water-storage irrigation projects, ponds are created by excavating the ground or formed in depressions, which intercept and store local surface runoff
Experimental results for Badou and other irrigation experimental stations in the Jiang-Huai hilly regions over the years have shown that intermittent irrigation is one of the most effective water-saving irrigation methods for rice
Irrigation was repeated until the end of heading-to-flowering stage
Summary
In small water-storage irrigation projects, ponds are created by excavating the ground or formed in depressions, which intercept and store local surface runoff. In 210 Already changed (A.D.), during the Jian’an reign of the Eastern Han dynasty, Liu Fu, Prefectural Governor of Yangzhou and stationed in Hefei, recruited refugees to open up wasteland, grow food grain, build dams and weirs, impound reservoirs, and irrigate farmland [7] These official impounding reservoirs and ponds built by the people were parts of a pond irrigation project system in the hilly regions, which occupied an important place in the development history of water conservation [8]. They have either been lost to sedimentation or transformed into farmland, which has resulted in a sharp reduction in both the number of ponds and their storage capacity [6] This has reduced water resources supply to meet demand, seriously affecting the security of food production and development of the rural economy in pond irrigation districts. These can provide the theoretical basis for comprehensive governance of ponds and technical support for the optimal management and sustainable utilization of water resources in the Jiang-Huai hilly regions
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