Optimal thermal performance of magneto-nanofluid flow in expanding/contracting channel

Abstract

In a thermodynamical system, loss of energy takes the center of attention. According to laws of thermodynamics, energy of the system remains conserve, but all energy is employed to add work, and some of it is converted to rise the temperature and eventually increases entropy. Entropy of the system only increases and can never decrease. For the optimal thermal performance of a system, we need entropy generated to be minimum. This paper explores the enhancement of entropy in magneto-hydrodynamics nanofluid flowing inside the parallel plate which has a capacity of expansion or contraction. The lower plate is heated from outside. The mathematical constitution for the mass, momentum and transport of heat is described by a set of PDEs, which in turn generates a series solution by adopting the homotopy analysis method under prescribed boundary values. Different nano-sized particles, i.e., copper, silver and alumina are uniformly mixed in water. The impact of various factors on temperature, Nusselt number and velocity are elaborated pictorially and tabularly.