Optimal Sizing of Standalone Photovoltaic System Using Improved Performance Model and Optimization Algorithm

Tamer Khatib,Dhiaa Halboot Muhsen

doi:10.3390/su12062233

Abstract

A standalone photovoltaic system mainly consists of photovoltaic panels and battery bank. The use of such systems is restricted mainly due to their high initial costs. This problem is alleviated by optimal sizing as it results in reliable and cost-effective systems. However, optimal sizing is a complex task. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been shown to be effective in PV system sizing. This paper presents an AI-based standalone PV system sizing method. Differential evolution multi-objective optimization is used to find the optimal balance between system’s reliability and cost. Two objective functions are minimized, the loss of load probability and the life cycle cost. A numerical algorithm is used as a benchmark for the proposed method’s speed and accuracy. Results indicate that the AI algorithm can be successfully used in standalone PV systems sizing. The proposed method was roughly 27 times faster than the numerical method. Due to AI algorithm’s random nature, the proposed method resulted in the exact optimal solution in 6 out of 12 runs. Near-optimal solutions were found in the other six runs. Nevertheless, the nearly optimal solutions did not introduce major departure from optimal system performance, indicating that the results of the proposed method are practically optimal at worst.

Highlights

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of most promising ways of harvesting the unlimited and free solar energy
We aim to find the cheapest PV/Battery pair that gives an loss of load probability (LLP) of 0.01
The highest radiation value measured was 992 W/m2, which occurred at the noon of June 11th

Summary

Introduction

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of most promising ways of harvesting the unlimited and free solar energy. PV technology performance depends on several environmental factors, such as the unpredictable solar radiation [1,2]. The inclusion of secondary energy sources (such as storage systems) improves the reliability of PV systems and increases their cost. The high initial cost of PV systems is one of the main factors that hinder their use [3]. PV systems should be optimized to achieve high reliability at the least possible expenses. An optimally sized standalone PV system (SAPV) is considered as a promising application in locations where grid extension is uneconomical [5]

Objectives

Results

Conclusion