Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage for Grid-Connected and Isolated Wind-Penetrated Microgrid

Umar T Salman,Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail,Muhammad Khalid

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992654

Abstract

Renewable energy (RE) sources, particularly wind and solar are gaining more popularity due to their inherent benefits, consequently, nations have set ambitious goals to enhance the penetration of RE into their energy-mix. However, the RE sources especially wind and photovoltaic sources are intermittent, uncertain, and unpredictable. Therefore, there is a need to optimize their usage when they are available. Moreover, energy storage system like battery energy storage has much potential to support the RE integration with the power grid. This study, therefore, investigates the sizes of battery energy storage required to support a grid-connected microgrid and a stand-alone microgrid for 12 months considering hourly wind power potential. In this study, we have considered three Scenarios of operations and have determined the BESS sizes and recommend the best based on the cost of operation. Scenarios 1 and 2 are grid-connected configuration while Scenario 3 is a standalone microgrid supported with diesel generators. In each Scenario, the optimization problem is formulated based on the optimal operation cost of the microgrids. The powers consumed from the main grid are reported in Scenarios 1 & 2 and the extra cost spent on the maintenance of diesel generators is reported in Scenario 3. The study evaluates and analyzes the operational environmental effects and costs between the three Scenarios. The formulated problems are solved using the nonlinear optimization method. Simulations results proved the effectiveness of the study.

Highlights

Wind power is gaining more popularity in recent years as many countries are endeavoring to explore the wind power potential in terms of integration into the microgrid
Besides the months of June and July requires lower BESS sizes when compared to other months since excess power has been sold to the grid, the abundant available wind power has little effects on the energy rating and the power ratings in these months
The investment on BESS in June appears to be larger than expected but this is due to the larger wind power availability that contributes to the sizes of the BESS rating

Summary

Introduction

Wind power is gaining more popularity in recent years as many countries are endeavoring to explore the wind power potential in terms of integration into the microgrid. It was reported in [1] that the renewable power capacity of the world increased by 8% in 2018 alone with more than 90 countries have added up to 1GW of renewable power out of which more than 30 had above 10GW. Following the reports of the installation of more renewable generation (including wind and PV) than fossil fuel generation across the world [1], [2], there are corresponding reports that the price of electricity is becoming cheaper and emission of greenhouse gasses due to electricity generation are decreasing [3]

Methods

Results

Conclusion