Abstract
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) have been touted as an appropriate way for supplying electricity to remote and off-grid areas in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where rural electrification challenges are the most pronounced. This study proposes a two-step methodology for optimizing and analyzing a stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/battery/diesel hybrid system to meet the electricity needs of Fanisua, an off-grid and remote village of northern Nigeria. In the first step, the MATLAB environment was used to run simulations and optimize the system via the genetic algorithm. Then, techno-economic and emissions analysis was carried out in the second step to compare the proposed system to the existing traditional modes of rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, the grid-extension and diesel generator. The break-even distance parameter was adopted in the comparison with grid-extension. Besides, the hypothetical project of replacing the diesel generator by the optimal system was analyzed using the Simple Payback Period (SPP) and Net Present Value (NPV) parameters. The resulting optimal design architecture included an 89.271-kW photovoltaic array, a 100.31-W diesel generator, and 148 batteries with a total annualized cost (TAC) and cost of energy (COE) of USD 43,807 and USD 0.25/kWh, respectively. The break-even distance found was 16.2 km, while the NPV and SPP of the hypothetical project were USD 572,382 and 2.8 years, respectively. The savings in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the proposed system compared to the grid extension and the diesel generator were found to be 85,401.08 kg/year and 122,062.85 kg/year, respectively. This study highlighted the role that solar PV-based HRESs could play in the sustainable electricity supply in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa.
Highlights
Today, electricity has become a vital commodity for a comfortable life in both urban andToday, electricity has become a vital commodity for a comfortable life in both urban and rural rural areas
These results show that the proposed Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) would save 85,401.08 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) per year compared to the grid extension and 122,062.85 kg per year compared to the diesel generator
These results clearly show the role that renewable energy technologies could play in the sustainable electricity supply in rural areas of sub-Saharan African countries
Summary
Electricity has become a vital commodity for a comfortable life in both urban and. Electricity has become a vital commodity for a comfortable life in both urban and rural rural areas. It is essential in the most critical activities in our everyday life, including entertainment, areas. According to the International Energy transportation, education, and healthcare.
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