Optimal Siting and Sizing of Wireless EV Charging Infrastructures Considering Traffic Network and Power Distribution System

Abstract

The main challenges in the widespread deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) are limited driving range, long charging downtime, lack of charging stations in some areas, and high battery cost. Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) technology can overcome some of these obstacles by recharging EV batteries remotely while vehicles move over the charging infrastructures. However, most studies have limited this technology to public EVs working in specific routes like electric buses and taxis routes. This paper presents a long-term stochastic scenario-based mathematical model for allocating and sizing DWC infrastructures considering Ev’s location-routing, power distribution system (PDS) losses, and transportation network traffic. The proposed long-term model allows all types of EVs to take advantage of the installed DWC infrastructures and facilitate EVs’ widespread use by overcoming conventional charging technologies problems. The optimization problem is structured in the form of a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model. Simulation results with detailed analyzes are furnished to illustrate the characteristics and performance of the model in a coupled network combining transportation and power networks. The numerical analysis provides meaningful insight into the transportation system design based on DWC technology and the effect of EV routing on the charging infrastructure allocation. Simulation results show that using Location-Routing Problem (LRP) can save up to 45% of the total cost of the DWC system. In addition, the proposed model, along with the simulations performed, demonstrates the advantage of DWC technology in reducing the size of vehicle batteries.