Abstract

We consider a model of external financing in which entrepreneurs are privately informed about the quality of their projects and seek funds from competitive fi- nanciers. The literature restricts attention to monotonic or ‘manipulation proof’ securities and finds that straight debt is the unique optimal contract. We character- ize the optimal contract when entrepreneurs can misreport their earnings by some amount. Straight debt is often suboptimal and never uniquely optimal. The opti- mal contract is non-monotonic and involves profit manipulation in equilibrium. It can be implemented either including performance-based bonuses, or via milestone payments, (as in venture capital).

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