Abstract
Device-to-device (D2D) communication is considered as a promising technology for improving both the spectral and energy efficiencies of cellular networks by reusing the resources of conventional cellular users (CUs) for direct communication of two nearby devices in a spatial manner. When the channel between the two D2D devices is highly attenuated, it is necessary to use an intermediate relay to achieve reliable and flexible relay-aided D2D communication. In order to motivate the cooperative relays to participate, it is assumed that they can harvest energy from radio frequency (RF) signals based on the power splitting (PS) protocol as well as renewable energy (RE) sources. However, resource sharing between the cellular and relay-aided D2D links leads to mutual interference that degrades their sum rate. Considering the energy-harvesting relays (EHRs) and downlink (DL) resource sharing, this paper aims to maximize the sum rate of both the links without degrading the quality of service (QoS) requirements of all users. Our maximization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem that cannot be solved in a straightforward manner. Therefore, we propose a low complexity algorithm, namely the resource and power allocation with relay selection EH-aided algorithm (RPRS-EH), which determines the reuse partners, the PS factor sub-optimal value with optimal links power allocation, and provides two different strategies for optimal relay selection. The numerical results show the behavior of the proposed algorithm under various parameters as well as its considerable performance when compared to one of the most recent algorithms in terms of the links sum rate and relay energy efficiency.
Highlights
Cellular networks suffer from the exponential growth of tele-traffic volume
It was assumed that the participating relays of the relay-aided D2D links are capable of harvesting both the radio frequency (RF) and renewable energy (RE) energy from the ambient environment
Aiming at maximizing the sum-rate of both the links with conserving the quality of service (QoS), power, and energy harvesting (EH) constraints, an mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem represented by a constrained objective function was introduced
Summary
Cellular networks suffer from the exponential growth of tele-traffic volume. This is due to the rapid spread of smart devices with their new services and applications such as Voice Over IP (VOIP), video streaming, and real-time surveillance [1]–[3]. If the UL spectrum sharing is considered with the maximum PA for the CUs, they could be somewhere next to the D2D links impose severe interference on the DRs. the optimization and analysis of the joint DL RA and PA problem with relay selection for EH relayaided D2D communication underlying conventional cellular network have not been widely investigated. The optimization and analysis of the joint DL RA and PA problem with relay selection for EH relayaided D2D communication underlying conventional cellular network have not been widely investigated Proposing such a model is one of the main motivation points behind this work as well. The results depict that the RPRS-EH algorithm outperforms the Uplink RA algorithm in terms of the maximum achieved sum-rate of both the links and EE of the relays as well
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