Optimal resilient microgrids formation based on darts game theory approach and emergency demand response program for cyber-physical distribution networks considering natural disasters

Abstract

In this paper, novel multi-objective microgrids (MGs) formation method-based darts game theory optimization algorithm is proposed. The main objectives are to minimize the total losses, amount of load-shedding, and total restoration cost while ensuring a variety of topological and electrical constraints. The network graph theory represents the formed MG, and the non-linear equations of power flow and loss calculations are adopted in the MG formation model. In the proposed model, the DRERs include diesel generators, fuel cells, micro-turbines, and renewables wind and PV units with energy storage systems. The demand response program includes curtailable loads to improve load profile reduction during peaks. To assess the system's resiliency under extremely inevitable incidents, resiliency metrics are applied. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the modified IEEE 33-bus test system is utilized. Single-fault and multiple faults disaster case studies are performed with and without considering the emergency demand response program (EDRP). The results show the effect of EDRP in minimizing system losses, load-shedding, restoration cost, and improving the resiliency metrics after natural disasters. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model indicates the most efficient operation scenario while achieving the system objectives considering the problem alternatives.