Abstract
The 2030 climate and energy framework includes EU-wide targets and policy objectives for the period 2021–2030 of (1) at least 55% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels); (2) at least 32% share for renewable energy; and (3) at least 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency. In this context, the methodology of the cost-optimal level from the life-cycle cost approach has been applied to calculate the cost of renovating the existing building stock in Europe. The aim of this research is to analyze a pilot building using the cost-optimal methodology to determine the renovation measures that lead to the lowest life-cycle cost during the estimated economic life of the building. The case under study is an apartment building located in a mild Mediterranean climate (Castellon, SP). A package of 12 optimal solutions has been obtained to show the importance of the choice of the elements and systems for renovating building envelopes and how energy and economic aspects influence this choice. Simulations have shown that these packages of optimal solutions (different configurations for the building envelope, thermal bridges, airtightness and ventilation, and domestic hot water production systems) can provide savings in the primary energy consumption of up to 60%.
Highlights
IntroductionThe proportion of the global energy consumed by the existing building stock has risen from 20% to 40% since 2008 [1], partially influenced by global climate change [2]
The following graphs shows the result of the combinations assessed: Each of the points on the figure represents the possible combination of renovation measures that can be applied to renovate the building
This pareto front is the curve that represents the locus of points with the minimum life cycle cost (LCC) achievable with the defined set of renovation measures for each primary energy consumption value
Summary
The proportion of the global energy consumed by the existing building stock has risen from 20% to 40% since 2008 [1], partially influenced by global climate change [2]. For this reason, institutions such as The International Energy Agency have highlighted the need for significant increases in the number of existing buildings being renovated [3,4]. Buildings are considered one of the strategic sectors for reducing greenhouse gas emission to the 2030 target of values 55% below those in 1990, for improving energy efficiency to 32.5% and reaching the 32% share of renewable energy as a part of the European Green Deal [7]
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