Abstract

The miscoordination and malfunctioning of directional overcurrent relays (DOCR) may occur due to a significant change in the fault current level (FCL) and a change in the network topology, from a radial to ring topology, caused by renewable energy resource-based distributed generation (RES-DG). In this paper, a hybrid time–current–voltage (TCV)-based protection scheme is proposed to eliminate the DOCR miscoordination and to reduce the overall operation time of DOCRs. The DOCR coordination problem is solved with alpha Harris Hawks optimization (α-HHO). Detailed numerical studies are carried out, and to show the performance of the proposed scheme, the results are compared with the existing protection schemes in the recent literature.

Highlights

  • resource-based distributed generation (RES-DG) are becoming extensively integrated into conventional distribution networks.This is due to the developments in smart grid technologies and the environmentally friendly nature of RES-DGs [1]

  • The one-line diagram of the IEEE-8 bus system is in shown in1.Figure three-phase bolted bolted faults are simulated at theatmid-point of each line. line

  • The ORC problem was solved optimally with α-Harris Hawks optimization (HHO), which is modeled by modifying the exploration phase of conventional

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Summary

Introduction

RES-DGs are becoming extensively integrated into conventional distribution networks. This is due to the developments in smart grid technologies and the environmentally friendly nature of RES-DGs [1]. Aside from the benefits, RES-DGs create technical complexities from the perspective of operation and protection. Overcurrent relays (OCRs) can miscoordinate or malfunction, resulting in an interruption in the power supply system, or failures in the power infrastructure [2]. Researchers have proposed numerous strategies to deal with the protection issues [3,4,5]. The efficiency of HHO, used in [6], is improved based on the performance of α-HHO, and the OCR-TCC is modified by including the fault voltage

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