Abstract

Compression of logo as an image is addressed in logo watermarking, in which a framework of joint Human Vision System (HVS) model and rate allocation theory in the wavelet domain is applied. Under this framework, a novel logo watermarking algorithm using reversible discrete wavelet transform is proposed. Based on multi-level wavelet decomposition of both host and logo images, a well-known HVS model is applied to locate the visually insensitive area in the host for embedding, while the rate allocation theory determines how the logo is compressed and embedded by using the statistical characteristics of the logo. For a given overall embedding distortion, quantization step-sizes of different logo subbands are analytically determined to maximize the fidelity of the extracted logo under the imperceptibility constraint. The adaptive system is thus applicable to different hosts and logos without tuning the parameters manually. It is proved to be robust against various types of attacks and is quite suitable for hardware implementations. Since logo is considered as an image in this new algorithm, the watermarking approach developed can be extended in general to image-in-image embedding.

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