Abstract
High-voltage dc transmission based on voltage-source converter (VSC-HVdc) is quickly increasing its power rating, and it can be the most appropriate link for the connection of offshore wind farms (OWFs) to the grid in many locations. This paper presents a steady-state operation model to calculate the optimal power transmission of an OWF connected to the grid through a VSC-HVdc link. The wind turbines are based on doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), and a detailed model of the internal OWF grid is considered in the model. The objective of the optimization problem is to maximize the active power output of the OWF, i.e., the reduction of losses, by considering the optimal reactive power allocation while taking into account the restrictions imposed by the available wind power, the reactive power capability of the DFIG, the DC link model, and the operating conditions. Realistic simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed model and to execute optimal operation analyses. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate the advantages of using the reactive control performed by DFIG to achieve the optimal operation of the VSC-HVdc.
Highlights
During 2015, 13,805 MW of wind power was installed across Europe, of which 12,800.2 MW was in the Europe Union (EU)
The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate the advantages of using the reactive control performed by doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) to achieve the optimal operation of the Voltage Source Converters (VSC)-HVdc
This paper proposes the integrated operation of the offshore wind farms (OWFs) and the DC interconnection, including in a unique optimization problem, a VSC-HVdc steady-state model, and the detailed representation of an OWF, aiming to calculate the optimal combined operation
Summary
During 2015, 13,805 MW of wind power was installed across Europe, of which 12,800.2 MW was in the Europe Union (EU). In [7], an optimized dispatch control strategy for the active and reactive power output of the DFIG was considered for onshore wind farms. The incorporation of the active power-reactive power P-Q wind turbine curve in the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm is shown in [8,9]. The incorporation of the VSC-HVdc equations in the OPF is formulated in [10], which gives suitable algorithms to determine the best solution for high-power systems with VSC-HVdc. In [11,12], the representation of a system consisting of one OWF connected to the grid through a LCC-HVdc link (OWF+HVdc) was proposed. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate the advantage of using the reactive power control performed by DFIG to achieve the optimal operation of the VSC-HVdc
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