Optimal Power Flow Considering Frequency Security Constraint

Abstract

This paper presents a method of including a frequency stability constraint within the framework of the optimal power flow problem. Increasing replacement of conventional generation by renewable resources that contribute little or no frequency regulation capability may necessitate the enforcement of such a constraint to meet frequency security requirements. The system frequency is required to be maintained within a safe limit, thus indicating the balance between generation and consumption. Hence, the solution for optimization of power flow should not only give a minimum cost of generation within the operating conditions, but also ensure frequency stability. In order to obtain this solution, the requirement of frequency stability is introduced as a new constraint of the power dispatch problem and is represented by the maximum frequency deviation limit. This new constraint is constructed as a non-linear function of system inertia and the frequency regulation constant, since frequency deviation is highly sensitive to these factors. A genetic algorithm is utilized in implementing the power flow optimization problem. The IEEE RTS-79 test system is used to demonstrate the proposed idea.