Abstract
Multi-energy systems are reported to have a better environmental and economic performance relative to the conventional, single-carrier, energy systems. Electrification of district heating networks using heat pumps and combined heat and power technologies is one such example. Due to lack of suitable modelling tools, however, the sizing and optimal placement of heat pumps is always done only from the heating network point of view which sometimes compromises the electricity network. This paper proposes an integrated optimization algorithm to overcome such limitation. A load flow model based on an extended energy hub approach is combined with a nested particle swarm optimization algorithm. A waste to energy combined heat and power plant, heat pumps (HPs), heat only boiler (HOB), solar photo-voltaic, wind turbines and imports from the neighborhood grids are considered in the case studies. The results show that optimal placement and sizing of HPs and a HOB using the proposed methodology avoids an unacceptable voltage profiles and overloading of the electricity distribution network, which could arise while optimizing only from the heating network point of view. It also shows that up to 41.2% of the electric loss and 5% of the overall operating cost could be saved.
Highlights
Multi-energy system (MES) increases reliability and efficiency by exploiting the synergy of various energy carriers, such as electricity, heat and gas, interacting at a building, district and/or national level [1]
The highest heat demand is at Hub4, the optimal location of the heat pumps (HPs) in Scenario I are found to be at Hubs 2 and 6
A nested particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, integrated with the load flow model based on an extended energy hub, is proposed to find out the optimal location and sizes of distributed generation and coupling technologies
Summary
Multi-energy system (MES) increases reliability and efficiency by exploiting the synergy of various energy carriers, such as electricity, heat and gas, interacting at a building, district and/or national level [1]. A heat pump (HP) uses electricity to transport heat from lower temperature region to higher temperature region while a CHP produces both heat and electricity from fuel sources, such as waste, biomass and natural gas. Incorporating more of these technologies, in other words, means strengthening the coupling between the electricity and heating networks. A heat pump (HP) owned by district heating network operator, for example, is assumed as a fixed demand from the electricity grid point of view. The HP acts as a distributed generation for district heating network (DHN) while it is a distributed load from the electricity network point of view. In the case of the electricity generation being located far from the thermal load center, both electricity and heating network should be considered to arrive at an optimal location of the HP
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