Abstract
The energy storage system (ESS) is developing into a very important element for the stable operation of power systems. An ESS is characterized by rapid control, free charging, and discharging. Because of these characteristics, it can efficiently respond to sudden events that affect the power system and can help to resolve congested lines caused by the excessive output of distributed generators (DGs) using renewable energy sources (RESs). In order to efficiently and economically install new ESSs in the power system, the following two factors must be considered: the optimal installation placements and the optimal sizes of ESSs. Many studies have explored the optimal installation placement and the sizing of ESSs by using analytical approaches, mathematical optimization techniques, and artificial intelligence. This paper presents an algorithm to determine the optimal installation placement and sizing of ESSs for a virtual multi-slack (VMS) operation based on a power sensitivity analysis in a stand-alone microgrid. Through the proposed algorithm, the optimal installation placement can be determined by a simple calculation based on a power sensitivity matrix, and the optimal sizing of the ESS for the determined placement can be obtained at the same time. The algorithm is verified through several case studies in a stand-alone microgrid based on practical power system data. The results of the proposed algorithm show that installing ESSs in the optimal placement could improve the voltage stability of the microgrid. The sizing of the newly installed ESS was also properly determined.
Highlights
Worldwide, the penetration of distributed generators (DGs) using renewable energy sources (RESs) is increasing to address the air pollution caused by conventional fossil fuel generators and the high maintenance costs of aging generators
The voltage stability with the optimal sizing of the energy storage system (ESS) was compared to the case in which the ESS was installed at the optimal placement and the case in which the ESS was installed at the lower priority placement according to the defined objective function
This paper proposed a novel algorithm for the optimal placement and sizing of a newly installed ESS based on a power sensitivity analysis
Summary
The penetration of distributed generators (DGs) using renewable energy sources (RESs) is increasing to address the air pollution caused by conventional fossil fuel generators and the high maintenance costs of aging generators. Generation–load imbalances occur frequently in the power system This uncertainty in DGs using RESs degrades the stability of the power system and causes recurrent frequency fluctuations [1,2,3]. As the penetration of DGs increases, excessive power generation, as well as a lack of power generation, causes other stability problems. The excessive power generation of DGs can increase the voltages of specific buses and cause congestion in the distribution network, which may cause stability problems in the entire power system
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