Abstract
The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is regarded as a potential technology for large-scale and stationary electricity storage. Efficient operation of the VRFB to maximize the system efficiency and realize safe operation is necessary. In this work, an optimal operational strategy for improving the system efficiency is proposed. The optimization problem by minimizing the charging energy and maximizing the discharge energy under operational constraints during VRFB operation is formulated. In the proposed strategy, the electrolyte flow rate is determined and adjusted according to the variation in the active vanadium species during the charge–discharge process to ensure high system efficiency. Because operation of the VRFB under an electrolyte imbalance is considered, this new control strategy can extend the operating window in which VRFBs can operate with high discharge capacity and system efficiency.
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