Abstract
The high share of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector is one of the main pillars of sustainable development. Availability of a suitable charging infrastructure and an affordable electricity cost for battery charging are the main factors affecting the increased adoption of EVs. The installation location of fixed charging stations (FCSs) may not be completely compatible with the changing pattern of EV accumulation. Besides, their power withdrawal location in the network is fixed, and also, the time of receiving the power follows the EVs’ charging demand. The EV charging demand pattern conflicts with the network peak period and causes several technical challenges besides high electricity prices for charging. A mobile battery energy storage (MBES) equipped with charging piles can constitute a mobile charging station (MCS). The MCS has the potential to target the challenges mentioned above through a spatio-temporal transfer in the required energy for EV charging. Accordingly, in this paper, a new method for modeling and optimal management of mobile charging stations in power distribution networks in the presence of fixed stations is presented. The MCS is powered through its internal battery utilizing a self-powered mechanism. Besides, it employs a self-driving mechanism for lowering transportation costs. The MCS battery can receive the required energy at a different time and location regarding EVs accumulation and charging demand pattern. In other words, the mobile station will be charged at the most appropriate location and time by moving between the network buses. The stored energy will then be used to charge the EVs in the fixed stations’ vicinity at peak EV charging periods. In this way, the energy required for EV charging will be stored during off-peak periods, without stress on the network and at the lowest cost. Implementing the proposed method on a test case demonstrates its benefits for both EV owners and network operator.
Highlights
In line with the multi-faceted plans to meet sustainable development goals, the fossil fuel share in the energy portfolio is steadily declining
Each fixed charging stations (FCSs) is connected to only one bus of the network, and the required energy for charging electric vehicles (EVs) is taken from this bus [20]
A total number of 58 EVs are transferred to the mobile charging station (MCS) in the whole day, resulting in reducing exactly the same amount of charging load on the fixed charging station
Summary
In line with the multi-faceted plans to meet sustainable development goals, the fossil fuel share in the energy portfolio is steadily declining. Utilizing transportable batteries in the power grids has already been studied, and their various technical and economic advantages have been described [9,10] In this new application, the mobile battery energy storage turns into a movable charging station by adding the required EV charging piles [11,12]. The novelties of the paper can be summarized as: Proposing a new scheduling method for battery-integrated mobile charging station; Optimizing power and energy of the MCS battery besides spatiotemporal status; Modeling an electric self-powered mechanism for mobile charging station; Proposing a new queuing and charging paradigm for the EVs. The rest of the paper is organized as follows.
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