Abstract
A multiple-input and multiple-output ultra-wideband (MIMO-UWB) system provides a higher data rate. However, the multipath effect of the intersymbol interference (ISI) increases the bit error rate (BER) and outage probability of the MIMO-UWB system. For this paper, the authors applied the real orthogonal design (ROD) to an MIMO-UWB system to improve the efficiency of that system. A ray-tracing technique and an inverse fast Fourier transform were used to get the impulse response of the indoor environment. In addition, a rake receiver was used to increase the strength of the received signal to minimize the multipath effect. For this paper, two cases of an indoor wireless MIMO-UWB system were studied: case (A) used different antenna arrays, whereas case (B) placed antenna arrays in different locations to find the best position of the transmitter. In case (A), three different shapes of antenna arrays, namely L-shape, circular-shape, and Y-shape, were used for the transmitter and receiver. The BER performance for these arrays in the UWB frequency of 3.1–10.6 GHz was examined. Numerical results showed that the outage probability of the circular array was better than that of the other two arrays. In case (B), the transmitter used was an array with two antenna elements. The optimal location for the transmitter was found by using both asynchronous particle swarm optimization (APSO) and self-adaptive dynamic differential evolution (SADDE). The numerical results indicated that the performance of APSO was better than that of SADDE.
Highlights
Ways and means to improve the quality of communication and to reduce its cost have become popular research topics in the field of wireless personal networks
When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases from 56 dB to 64 dB, the number of the outage points for self-adaptive dynamic differential evolution (SADDE) was reduced from 10 to 1, whereas the number for asynchronous particle swarm optimization (APSO) dropped from 7 to 0
Thedistribution distribution outage points for the adaptive dynamic differential evolution(SADDE); (SADDE); (b) The ofof thethe outage points for the transmitter at (2.61, 3.95, 2.0)
Summary
Ways and means to improve the quality of communication and to reduce its cost have become popular research topics in the field of wireless personal networks. The UWB technique has a plurality of diversity techniques and has almost exclusively been applied to MIMO to improve its quality of communication. This paper applies the real orthogonal design (ROD) [20,21], a diversity technique, in an MIMO-UWB system. The multipath effect of the ISI, which increases the BER and outage probability, degrades the performance of an MIMO-UWB system. Multi-antenna systems provide a diversity order without any feedback signal from the receiver to the transmitter. Diversity techniques are used to mitigate provided by multiple receive antennas, slot, and multipath. We show that the degradation in the error performance radio channel usingby additional radiated while powerthe or inherent diversity of UWB signals in of thethe temporal domainwithout is collected the rake receiver, spectral bandwidth.
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