Optimal Load Frequency Control of Island Microgrids via a PID Controller in the Presence of Wind Turbine and PV

Reza Alayi,Seyed Reza Seyednouri,Farhad Zishan,Mohsen Sharifpur,Ravinder Kumar,Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi

doi:10.3390/su131910728

Abstract

This article studied the load frequency control (LFC) of a multi-source microgrid with the presence of renewable energy sources. To maintain a sustainable power supply, the frequency of the system must be kept constant. A Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller is presented as a secondary controller to control the frequency of the microgrid in island mode, and the integral of squared time multiplied by error squared (ISTES) is used as a performance index. The use of the Craziness-Based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO), which is an improved version of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), improves the convergence speed in optimizing the nonlinear problem of load and frequency controller design. The test microgrid is composed of the load and distributed generation units such as diesel generators, photovoltaics and wind turbines. The proposed controller provided the desired response to adjusting the microgrid frequency, achieving the final response after a short time and making it more stable and less oscillatory compared with the conventional system.

Highlights

Nowadays, with the reduction of fossil fuel sources and increasing pollution and global warming, the use of renewable energy to generate electricity is one of the best solutions available [1,2,3]
One of the most widely used and economical renewable energy sources is wind energy, which is accessible through wind turbines
Simultaneous optimization of PID control coefficients for an island microgrid with a wind turbine equipped with a two-way induction generator; The use of Craziness-Based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO), which is an improved version of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and is used to improve the convergence speed in optimizing the nonlinear problem of load and frequency controller design; Using the appropriate objective functions to reduce the settling time, maximum overshoot value and undershoot value

Summary

Introduction

With the reduction of fossil fuel sources and increasing pollution and global warming, the use of renewable energy to generate electricity is one of the best solutions available [1,2,3]. These energies have many advantages, the stability of the power system, and especially the microgrids, is associated with problems for which proper control must be exercised [4,5]. The microgrid frequency can be used as an indicator to maintain the real power balance [8,9]

Methods

Results

Conclusion